ACTIVITIES OF RESPIRATORY COMPLEX TWO ON THE LIVER OF NORMAL AND PROTEIN UNDERNOURISHED RAT FED WITH COCONUT OIL

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✎: ACTIVITIES OF RESPIRATORY COMPLEX TWO ON THE LIVER OF NORMAL AND PROTEIN UNDERNOURISHED RAT FED WITH COCONUT OIL

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Keywords: ACTIVITIES OF RESPIRATORY COMPLEX TWO ON THE LIVER OF NORMAL AND PROTEIN UNDERNOURISHED RAT FED WITH COCONUT OIL

 

RESEARCH BODY

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Table of contents

List of figures

List of tables

Abstract

CHAPTER ONE

1.0            Introduction

1.1    Aim of Study

CHAPTER TWO

2.0            Literature Review

2.1     Respiratory complex

2.2    Liver

2.3     Protein Undernourishment

2.4     Coconut oil and its benefits

2.5     Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid

2.5.1  Plasma Triglyceride

2.5.2  Plasma Lipoproteins and Apolipoproteins

2.5.3  Plasma Cholesterol

CHAPTER THREE

3.0            Materials and methods

3.1     Materials

3.1.1  Apparatus and Equipment

3.1.2  Chemicals and reagents

3.2     Experimental animal and diets

3.3     Body weight determination

3.4     Animal Sacrifice

3.5     Preparation of crude homogenate

3.6     Determination of Succinate Dehydrogenase (Complex II)

3.7     Protein determination

CHAPTER FOUR

4.0            Results

CHAPTER FIVE

5.0            Discussion, Conclusion And Recommendation

5.1     Discussion and Conclusion

5.2     Recommendation

References

Appendix

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1:     protein determination curve

Figure 2:     The growth curve for normal and protein undernourished rats fed with diets containing coconut oil

Figure 3:     The activity of succinate dehydrogenase in normal and protein undernourished rats fed with diets containing coconut oil

LIST OF TABLES

Table 1:       Showing organ weight to body weight ratio and feed consumption

ABSTRACT

In this attempt to investigate the effect the activities of respiratory complex II in the liver of normal and protein undernourished male weaning rats fed with diets containing coconut oil twenty rats were used. They were grouped into four (5 rats in each and fed with normal diets, low protein diets containing 5% casein, normal with coconut oil substituting to vegetable oil and low protein with coconut oil­).

After feeding for six weeks the rats were sacrificed using cervical dislocation. The liver was harvested and homogenized in iced cold buffer and centrifuged at 4000rpm for 15 minutes at 4oC. The pellets were discarded and the supernatant was stored. Further analysis explained later in this work was carried out on this supernatant. The result of this of this analysis showed a significant weight gain in the group fed with normal diet regarded as the control, while in the group fed with low protein diet contain 5% casein had a  stunted growth. Thus the group containing coconut oil with the diets in their appropriate proportion experienced a little growth deficiency while a very drastic growth was noticed in the group fed with low protein with coconut oil.

CHAPTER ONE

1.0                      INTRODUCTION

Coconut oil is used extensively in tropical countries which have a good production of coconut oil. The health benefits of coconut oil include haircare, skin care, stress relief, cholesterol levelmaintenance, weight loss, boosted immunesystem, proper digestion and regulatedmetabolism (Kabara, 1978). It also provides relief from kidneyproblems, heart diseases, high blood pressure,diabetes, HIV, and cancer, while helping toimprove dental quality and bone strength. Thesebenefits of oil can be attributed to the presenceof lauric acid, capric acid and caprylic acid, andtheir respective properties, such asantimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-fungal,antibacterial and soothing qualities (Hierholzer, 1982). The human body converts lauric acid intomonolaurin, which is supposedly helpful indealing with viruses and bacteria that causediseases such as herpes, influenza,cytomegalovirus, and even HIV. It also helps infighting harmful bacteria such as listeriamonocytogenes and helicobacter pylori, andharmful protozoa such as giardia lamblia.As a result of these various health benefits ofcoconut oil, although its exact mechanism ofaction was unknown, it has been extensivelyused in Ayurveda, the traditional Indianmedicinal system (Tayaget al., 1999).The efficacy of the coconut for many ailments -from the cure of wounds, bums, ulcers, lice infestations to dissolution of kidney stones and treatment of choleraic dysenteries, have been proved in previous studies (Macalalaget al., 1997). Coconut is an important provider of food, drink and fuel, not to mention its many uses in industry. Hence, it has been called the tree of life. A previous study by (Lim-Syliancoet al., 1992) demonstrated in animals a powerful protecting effect of coconut oil against six powerful muta-carcinogenic chemicals, (such as benzpyrine, azaserine and nitrosamines). The protection was observed not only when coconut oil was given with the diet for several days before the mutacarcinogen but also when it was given in one bolus or dose with the mutacarcinogen. In both experiments, coconut oil gave a significantly higher protection than soybean oil. In another animal study, evidence for another protectant effect of coconut oil was obtained, i.e. significant prevention against shock in rats injected with E. coli endotoxin (Lim-Navarro et al., 1994).

Succinate dehydrogenase (oxidoreductase) is present in all aerobic cells. SDH has been studied intensively ever since its discovery (Hirsch et al., 1963). The enzyme has several particularly interesting properties: (i) SDH is a membrane-bound dehydrogenase linked to the respiratory chain and a member of the Krebs cycle; (ii) its activity is modulated by several activators and inhibitors; and (iii) SDH is a complex enzyme containing nonheme iron, acidlabile sulfur, and covalently bound flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD). Most of the published work concerns mammalian SDH (Holmgren et al.,1979). There is considerable knowledge about the composition, enzymology, and membrane binding of the enzyme, but relatively little is known about its genetics and biosynthesis. Mitochondrial SDH has been extensively reviewed and only the structure and some new findings on the membrane binding of SDH will be discussed in this article (Ingledew and Prince, 1977). Compared with mitochondrial SDH, little is known about the corresponding procaryotic enzyme. SDH catalyzes the oxidation of succinate to fumarate and transfers the resultant reducing equivalents directly to the respiratory chain. The enzyme is a member of both the Krebs cycle and the respiratory chain. In bacteria, the electron transport chains are located in the cytoplasmic membrane or in modifications thereof, like the chromatophore membrane of photosynthetic bacteria (Kalraet al., 1971).

1.1     Aim of Study

This study is aimed at investigating the activities of respiratory complex II (Succinate dehydrogenase) in rat liver of normal and protein undernourished rats fed with diet containing coconut oil.

 

Keywords: ACTIVITIES OF RESPIRATORY COMPLEX TWO ON THE LIVER OF NORMAL AND PROTEIN UNDERNOURISHED RAT FED WITH COCONUT OIL

 


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Keywords: ACTIVITIES OF RESPIRATORY COMPLEX TWO ON THE LIVER OF NORMAL AND PROTEIN UNDERNOURISHED RAT FED WITH COCONUT OIL

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