ASSESSMENT OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SOME TRACE ELEMENTS AND ANTIOXIDANT ENZYMES IN UNDER-FIVE CHILDREN WITH PROTEIN- ENERGY MALNUTRITION

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✎: ASSESSMENT OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SOME TRACE ELEMENTS AND ANTIOXIDANT ENZYMES IN UNDER-FIVE CHILDREN WITH PROTEIN- ENERGY MALNUTRITION

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Keywords: ASSESSMENT OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SOME TRACE ELEMENTS AND ANTIOXIDANT ENZYMES IN UNDER-FIVE CHILDREN WITH PROTEIN- ENERGY MALNUTRITION

 

RESEARCH BODY

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the study

1.2 Statement of the Research Problem

1.3 Justification for the Study

1.4 Aim and Objectives of the Study

CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 Prevalence of PEM

2.2 Assessment of Nutritional Status

2.2.1 Clinical assessment

2.2.2 Anthropometric assessment

2.2.3 Dietary intake assessment

2.2.4 Biochemical assessment

2.3 Classification of PEM

2.3.1 Marasmus

2.3.2 Kwashiorkor

2.3.3 Marasmic-kwashiorkor

2.4 Complications of PEM

2.4.1 Infection

2.4.2 Diarrhoea and dehydration

2.4.3 Heart failure

2.4.4 Hypothermia

2.5 Prevention and Treatment of PEM

2.6 Free Radicals

2.7 Antioxidants

2.7.1 The need for antioxidants defense

2.7.2 Mechanisms of antioxidant functions

2.7.3 Enzymatic antioxidants and their cofactors

2.7.4 Cofactors

2.7.5 Non-enzymatic antioxidants

2.7.6 Oxidative stress

2.8 Roles of Trace Elements in Nutrition

CHAPTER THREE: MATERIALS AND METHODS

3.1 Materials

3.1.1 Study location

3.1.2 Study population

3.1.3 Inclusion criteria for patients

3.1.4 Inclusion criteria for control

3.1.5 Exclusion criteria

3.16 Informed consent

3.1.7 Ethical approval

3.1.8 Sample size determination

3.1.9 Sampling techniques

3.1.10 Blood sample collection

3.1.11 Chemicals

3.1.12 Equipment

3.2 Methods

3.2.1 Questionnaire

3.2.2 Measurement of Biochemical Parameters

3.2.2.1 Serum total protein

3.2.2.2 Serum albumin

3.2.2.3 Serum zinc and copper

3.2.2.4 Serum Superoxide Dismutase

3.2.2.5 Serum glutathione peroxidase

3.2.3 Statistical analysis

CHAPTER FOUR: RESULTS

4.1 Characteristics of Study Population

4.2 Feeding Characteristics of PEM Patients

4.3 Serum Biochemical Parameters in PEM Patients

4.4 Serum Total Protein and Albumin Levels in PEM Patients

4.5 Serum concentrations of some Trace Elements in PEM patients

4.6 Serum Levels of some Antioxidants Enzymes in PEM Patients

4.7 Pearson’s Correlation between some Trace Elements and Antioxidant Enzymes in PEM Patients

CHAPTER FIVE: DISCUSSION

CHAPTER SIX: SUMMARY, CONCLUSION, AND RECOMMENDATIONS

6.1 Summary

6.2 Conclusion

6.3 Recommendations

REFERENCES

APPENDICES

ABBREVIATIONS

ABUTH             Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital

ANOVA            Analysis of Variance

BCG                    Bromocresolgreen

Cu                         Copper

GPx                      Glutathione Peroxidase

GSH                     Reduced Glutathione

GSSG                  Oxidized Glutathione

ICH                      Institute of Child Health

n                             Sample Size

NADPH              Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate (Reduced)

NO                        Nitric Oxide

NaOH                 Sodium Hydroxide

O2.-                      Superoxide Radical

OH                        Hydroxyl Radical

p                              p- value

PEM                     Protein-Energy Malnutrition

R                            Coefficient of Correlation

RNS                     Reactive Nitrogen Species

ROS                     Reactive Oxygen Species

SOD                     Superoxide Dismutase

SPSS                    Statistical Package for Social Sciences

Zn                          Zinc

 

Keywords: ASSESSMENT OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SOME TRACE ELEMENTS AND ANTIOXIDANT ENZYMES IN UNDER-FIVE CHILDREN WITH PROTEIN- ENERGY MALNUTRITION

 


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Keywords: ASSESSMENT OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SOME TRACE ELEMENTS AND ANTIOXIDANT ENZYMES IN UNDER-FIVE CHILDREN WITH PROTEIN- ENERGY MALNUTRITION

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