CHARACTERIZATION, INSECTICIDAL AND MOSQUITO REPELLENCY PROPERTIES OF ESSENTIAL OILS FROM HYPTIS SUAVEOLENS LEAVES

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Keywords: CHARACTERIZATION, INSECTICIDAL AND MOSQUITO REPELLENCY PROPERTIES OF ESSENTIAL OILS FROM HYPTIS SUAVEOLENS LEAVES

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER ONE

1.0 INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background to the study

1.2 Statement of the Problem

1.3 Justification

1.4 Aim and Objectives

1.4.1 Aim

1.4.2Specific objectives

CHAPTER TWO

2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 Plants

2.1.1Mechanisms employed by plants to repel mosquitoes (Insects)

2.1.2 Advantages of plants origin (non-synthetic) insecticides

2.1.3 Role of medicinal plants in the treatment of malaria

2.2 Mosquito: Causative vector for Malaria

2.2.1Life cycle of mosquito

2.3 Malaria: Disease caused by Mosquito bite

2.3.1 The malaria parasite

2.3.2 Requirement for the prevention of malaria

2.4 Synthetic Insecticides

2.4.1 Types of synthetic insecticides

2.4.2 Side effects of synthetic insecticides

2.4.3 Toxicity of synthetic insecticides

2.4.4 Remedy

2.5Larvicides

2.6 Biological (Non-synthetic) Insecticides

2.6.1 Hyptis suaveolens (Labiatae Poits)

2.6.1.1 Composition ofHyptis suaveolens

2.6.1.2 Uses ofHyptis suaveolens

2.7Essential Oils

2.8 Monoterpenes

2.9 Sesquiterpenes

2.10 Repellents

2.11 Mechanisms employed by insects against repellents (essential oil components

2.12 Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS)

2.13 Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR)

CHAPTER THREE

3.0 MATERIAL AND METHODS

3.1 Materials

3.1.1Plant material

3.1.2 Other materials

3.1.3 Chemicals and reagents

3.1.4 Equipment

3.2 Methods

3.2.1 Plant material collection and identification

3.2.2 Extraction of essential oil from Hyptis suaveolens leaves

3.2.3 Mosquito Breeding

3.2.4 Determination of mosquitocidal capability of the essential oil

3.2.5 Determination of mosquito repellency effect of essential oil from Hyptis suaveolens leaves. Experiment one (1)

3.2.6 Determination of mosquito repellency activity of essential oils of Hyptis suaveolens leaves on Rats. Experiment two (2)

3.2.7 Test for larvicidal effect of the essential oil (WHO, 2005) guideline

3.2.8 Characterization of essential oil

3.2.8.1 Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS)

3.2.8.2 Fourier Transform Infra-Red Spectroscopy (FTIR) Spectroscopic Analysis

3.2.8.3 Determination of Physicochemical Properties

i. Determination of Iodine value

ii. Determination of Saponification value

iii. Determination of Acid value

iv. Determination of Peroxide value

v. Determination of Ester value

vi. Determination of Free Fatty Acid value

3.2.8.4 Statistical analysis

CHAPTER FOUR

4.0 RESULTS

4.1 Yield of essential oils from Hyptis suaveolens leaves

4.2 Mosquitocidal capability of Essential oil from Hyptis suaveolens leaves

4.3 Repellency Effect of Essential oil from Hyptis suaveolens leaves

4.3.1Mosquito repellent potential of Hyptis suaveolens essential oil. Experiment one

4.3.2 Mosquito repellent potential of Hyptis suaveolens Essential oil. Experiment two

4.4Larvicidal effect of essential oil from Hyptis suaveolens leaves

4.5Physicochemical properties of Essential oil from Hyptis suaveolens leaves

i.Iodine value

ii.         Saponification value

iii.  Acid value

iv.  Peroxide value

v.         Free Fatty Acids value

vi.  Ester value

4.6Gas Chromatography- Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS)

4.6.1 Characterization of the Essential oils from Hyptis suaveolens by GC-MS

4.7Fourier Transform Infra-Red Spectroscopy (FTIR)

4.7.1 Characterization of the Larvicidal Compound(s) in the bioactive Fraction by (FTIR)

CHAPTER FIVE

5.0 DISCUSSION

CHAPTER SIX

6.0 CONCLUSION, SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS

6.1Conclusion and Summary

6.2Recommendations

REFERENCES

Keywords: CHARACTERIZATION, INSECTICIDAL AND MOSQUITO REPELLENCY PROPERTIES OF ESSENTIAL OILS FROM HYPTIS SUAVEOLENS LEAVES

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Keywords: CHARACTERIZATION, INSECTICIDAL AND MOSQUITO REPELLENCY PROPERTIES OF ESSENTIAL OILS FROM HYPTIS SUAVEOLENS LEAVES

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