This study, “DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF A GAS LEAKAGE DETECTOR DEVICE” contains concise information that will serve as a framework or guide for your project work. The project study is well-researched for academic purposes and are usually provided in complete chapters with adequate References. Keywords: DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF A GAS LEAKAGE DETECTOR DEVICE
ABSTRACT This project involves the design and construction of a gas leakage detector device. This design employs the breakthrough experienced with the use of gas sensor device, microcontroller (PIC16F876A) technology with some other passive components. PIC 16F876A microcontroller to which assembly language programme was written which generates a hexadecimal file which was embedded in the microcontroller using a programmer machine. In the programme Port A or Port B of the microcontroller was used as output pins. The gas sensor GH 312 was configured to port RB7 as output port from where it detect gases such as smoke, methane, butane, alcohol and so on . Port RB0,RB1,RB2 and RB3 is configured as ouput port for the LCD (liquid crystal display) while port RC1 as reset pin, port RC4 is used for buzzers connection, which make sound when a gas is detected. To test the sensor a gas insecticide and smoke emanating from a lighted stick of match was used within the vicinity of the sensor, the sensor was able to detect the gas while the microcontroller trigger a flashing LED warning at the same time the buzzer alarming noise, and the display showing the message “GAS FOUND”. When the air is clean again that is no gas in the surrounding and the sensor does not sense any gas, the circuit will return to its normal state turning off the LED and the LCD displaying “NO GAS FOUND”. CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background to the Study Research in the field of engineering has led to tremendous discoveries and inventions especially in the areas of automation and security. Automation of mechanical systems and manual processes is one of the major breakthroughs of science and engineering in the modern age. The emanation of solid state devices and integrated circuits (ICs) has made almost everything possible in terms of electronic control. Robin Abbott (2000-2006)” For many years, applications of digital electronics were confined to computer systems. In today’s world, the term “digital” has become part of our everyday vocabulary because of the dramatic way that digital circuits and digital techniques have become so widely used in almost all areas of life: computers, automated machine control, robots, energy monitoring and control, inventory management, medical science and technology, transportation, entertainment and space exploration. Tocci, R.J. and Widmer, N.S. (1998) This project involves the design and construction of a gas detector device. This design employs the breakthrough experienced with the use of gas sensor device, microcontroller technology with some other passive components. 1.2 Aims and Objectives 1. To design a circuit that will make it usable for detection of Gases (smoke, butane, methane, etc). 2. Program a basic information into a PIC microcontroller to make it usable for the detection of Gas, buzzing, as well as displaying the information on LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) 3. To develop a device that can detects whenever there is leakage of Gas like smoke, butane, methane, ethanol, pentane, hexane, Carbon Dioxide. etc. 1.3 Scope of Study This project is restricted to the use Gaseous ionization sensor (GH312) device and microcontroller technology (Peripheral Interface Controller) PIC16F876 in the detection of leakage of Gas. The working mode of this project is based on the software (written codes) embedded in the microcontroller. The design was done using electronics circuit components such as gaseous ionization detector, Peripheral Interface Controller (PIC16F876), liquid crystal display (LCD), resistors, transistor, etc. with necessary schematic diagrams and printed circuit boards (PCB). 1.4 Significance of Study Electronic systems are designed to refine, extend or supplement the human ability to observe, perceive, communicate, remember, calculate, or reason. An electronic system, like gas detection instruments are products of safety technology and are used preferably to protect human lives and to ensure plant safety. Gas detection systems are dedicated to detect dangerous gas concentrations, to trigger alarms and – as far as possible – to activate counter measures, before it can come to a hazardous situation for employees, assets and environment. 1.5 Definition of the Terms PIC:- (Peripheral Interface Controller) is the IC which was developed to control peripheral devices, alleviating the load from the main CPU. Compared to a human being, the brain is the main CPU and the PIC is equivalent to the autonomic nervous system. Light Emitting Diode (LED): it is a forward- biased P-N junction which emits visible light when energized. Resistor Sensor:- A sensor is a technological device that detects / senses a signal, physical condition and chemical compounds
Keywords: DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF A GAS LEAKAGE DETECTOR DEVICE
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DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF A GAS LEAKAGE DETECTOR DEVICE
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