This study, “EFFECT OF TELFERIA OCCIDENTALIS AND VERNONIA AMYGDALINA ON LIVER, HEART AND PLASMA ELECTROLYTES IN HIGH SUCROSE DIET FED RATS” contains concise information that will serve as a framework or guide for your project work. The project study is well-researched for academic purposes and are usually provided in complete chapters with adequate References. Keywords: EFFECT OF TELFERIA OCCIDENTALIS AND VERNONIA AMYGDALINA ON LIVER, HEART AND PLASMA ELECTROLYTES IN HIGH SUCROSE DIET FED RATS
ABSTRACT Sixty (60) albino rats of the wistar strain were used to investigate the effect different vegetables extracts modified diets; shared into two groups, one part fed with high sucrose diet while others were fed with normal ratchow. Electrolytes status were analysed in the plasma, liver and heart after four weeks of feeding. The liver being the organ where major metabolisms take place and the major site for glucose storage revealed a significant (p<0.05) increase in sodium in rats fed with high sucrose diet only (HSO) while those fed with vegetable juice extracts displayed moderate electrolytes content. Thus, vegetables extracts modified diet may be a good approached to improved electrolyte imbalance induced by excess sugar intake. CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION Increased consumption of fruits and vegetables has been consistently recommended to reduce the risk of chronic diseases such as cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease and some forms of cancer as well as ageing (Anderson, 2001). The protective potential against these diseases is majorly due to the nutritive contents such as vitamins and minerals, and non-nutritive components like antioxidants, hormonally active lignans, phytosterols, amylase inhibitors, and saponins present in fruits and vegetables (Anderson, 2001). Excluding aforementioned components, fruit and vegetable consumption goes along with lower intake of energy dense foods which could be an indirect protective effect against obesity and other metabolic disorders especially coronary heart disease (Joshipura et al., 2001). Cardiovascular disease, one of the leading causes of death around the World in recent times is significantly linked to dietary pattern characterized by consistent consumption of energy-dense foods such as high sucrose and high fat diets (Joshipura et al., 2001). Studies have implicated dietary sugars in the progression of various metabolism-related problems like obesity, metabolic syndrome, and type 2 diabetes mellitus (Key et al., 1996). Furthermore, regular consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages is associated with a higher risk of coronary heart disease as well as progression of diabetic cardiomyopathy. There are indications that sucrose may induce alterations in calcium homeostasis which in turn causes myocardial pathologies such as hypertrophy, heart failure, and ventricular arrhythmias (Key et al., 1996). Many studies have established vegetable consumption to protect humans against oxidative damage by inhibiting free radicals and reactive oxygen species (Tribble et al., 1999).Vegetables are recognized as sources of natural antioxidants that can protect against oxidative stress and thus play an important role in the chemoprevention of diseases that have their aetiology and pathophysiology in reactive oxygen species (Tribble et al., 1999). These positive effects are believed to be attributable to the antioxidants; particularly the carotenoids, flavonoids, lycopene, phenolics and β-carotene (Giovannucci et al., 2002). Thus, attempts have been made to increase the bioavailability of these dietary polyphenols, specifically absorption, to concentrations higher than commonly associated with dietary sources to ultimately increase plasma and tissue levels (Lanza et al., 1987). Therefore, many methods have been adopted; such processes among others include blanching, salting, microwaving, cooking and juicing. Juicing is a processing methods mainly projected towards concentrating the phytochemicals and other nutrients in plants products. Though, this process is meant to concentrate beneficial parts however anti-nutrients and other toxic agents are also concentrated. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES AIM This research work is set to investigate the effect of vegetable juice extracts on high sucrose diet induced cardiovascular risk in albino rats. OBJECTIVES To check the effect of vegetable juice extracts on electrolyte status in the plasma, heart and liver of albino rats. To investigate the comparative effect of vegetable extracts on electrolyte status in the plasma, heart and liver of albino rats fed with high sucrose diet. To study the comparative effect fresh and vegetable juice extracts vegetables on electrolyte status in the plasma, heart and liver of rats fed with high sucrose diet.
Keywords: EFFECT OF TELFERIA OCCIDENTALIS AND VERNONIA AMYGDALINA ON LIVER, HEART AND PLASMA ELECTROLYTES IN HIGH SUCROSE DIET FED RATS
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