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TABLE OF CENTENTS
INDIGENOUS IRON WORKS IN THE 19TH CENTURY IN BENIN CITY. CHAPTER ONE 1.1 Objectives of Study 1 1.2 Scope of Study 1 1.3 Significance of Study 2 1.4 Methodology and problems of Research 3 1.5 Literature review 4 1.6 Historical perspective of Benin 5
CHAPTER TWO INDIGENOUS TECHNOLOGY IN NIGERIA IN 1900
2.1 Indigenous technology in Nigeria 8 2.2 Development of Indigenous Technology in Nigeria 8 2.3 Trade and market for existing Technology in Nigeria 12 2.4 Impact of Traditional skill in Nigeria. 13
CHAPTER THREE IRON TECHNOLOGY IN BENIN IN THE 19TH CENTURY
3.1 Iron works in Benin 17 3.2 Mode of production 19 3.3 Product and values of the Industry 20 3.4 Impact of Iron work in Benin 21 3.5 Economic survey of Benin 23
CHAPTER FOUR THE GUILDS AND APPRENTICESHIP IN IRON INDUSTRY
CHAPTER FIVE INFLUENCE OF COLONIALISM AN IRON INDUSTRY.
CONCLUSION 37
BIBILIOGRAPHY 40
CHAPTER ONE
1:1 OBJECTIVES OF STUDY Technology as defined by Berry, Is “any Application of discoveries of the scientific methods to the problems of man and environment in peace and war” Adeniyi refers to it as ‘a process whereby an individual or a group of people acquire a skill necessary to operate a hand ware either from another persons or through development. To this end, series of meetings, conferences, seminars, tayslops and workshops have been organized and held on the indigenous production and the advancement of iron tools in Nigeria and Africa at large. Thus, the objective of this work is to debunk the Eurocentric belief that Africa has no technology worthy of studying before the arrival of European. Also, that Africa are not intelligent enough to process from technology. And also, to locate technology in the realm of the study, Iron industry \ works in Benin. To this end, the research work is to study the general trend since inception of Iron technology in Benin down to it decline. As a result of competition pose by importation of purier and cheaper Iron bans from European in the 19th century.
1:2 SCOPE OF STUDY West Africa people early learned to mine and utilize their supplies of three important metals-gold, Iron and copper. The production of gold at an unidentified place on the West Africa coast long before the birth of Christ. When Iron was first worked, and also it was first used at a large scale, is not really known. Yet it is certain that knowledge of Iron smiting was gained before the beginning of Christian era. Some historians believe of the knowledge was transmitted from Libya in about 500Bc others believed that it came from upper mile around 300Bc; we know that the rise of empire partially due to their possession of abundant Iron weapons and tools. Thus, this essay deals mainly with indigenous technology, a case study of Benin Iron works in the 19th century. The period covered the pre-colonial period, the incursion of Europeans and lastly, the period covered the impact of Iron works on the political and socio-economic character of the people, also the decline of Iron technology and technology as a whole in Nigeria at large.
1:3 SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY The existence of indigenous industries over the centuries in Nigeria is quite significant for study and history of Nigeria. The significance of this study is to illustrates, the interdependence that existed between the Sudan forest zones which in turn encouraged the movement of people, goods and ideas from North to south, east to west and vice versa. The study also give an insight into the nature and degree of interaction that Obtained among Nigerian peoples and this also support the argument for a pre-existing unity among people in the Nigeria area before the coming of Europeans. The significance of the study is to also analyze what obtain in Nigeria before the incursion of the colonial Rule, i.e. Nigeria communities engaged in trade which arose from the fact that different village specialized in different crafts depending on the available raw material. This however is an evidence used by Africa writers to debunk the Euro-centric on the fact that they developed Nigeria and Africa as A whole in term of technological advancement. Importantly, the study seeks to examine how objects were manufactured from Iron-ore with a case study of Iron industry in Benin. This effort is undertaken because, the indigenous techniques of production of Iron smithing in traditional societies have virtually atrophied due to neglect and disdain. The situation is born out of the fact that their position has been overshadowed by the importation of foreign goods and Equipment. Furthermore, the significance of the study is to show or draw attention to a hitherto neglected aspect of Nigeria history. Political history had been overemphasized in the past leading to a study of the spectaculation such as war and lives and activities of great men and rulers. By studying indigenous industries, we can now appreciate the place and importance of the masses who helped to bring great men into lime light and who helped to provide strong economic bases (sometimes through their crafts) that support the various governments. Thus, individuals, bodies and groups are to recognized indigenous traditional values and harness them into a sound base for technological take off and for Nation building. Keywords: INDIGENOUS IRON WORKS IN THE 19TH CENTURY IN THE BENIN CITY
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