This study, “THE EFFECT OF TRANSPORTATION PROBLEM ON STUDENTS’ PERFORMANCE” contains concise information that will serve as a framework or guide for your project work. The project study is well-researched for academic purposes and are usually provided in complete chapters with adequate References. Keywords: THE EFFECT OF TRANSPORTATION PROBLEM ON STUDENTS’ PERFORMANCE
TABLE OF CONTENT TER ONE: INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the Study 1 1.2 Statements of the problem 3 1.3 Objectives of the study 6 1.4 Research Questions and Hypothesis 6 1.5 Justification of the Study 7 1.6 Methodology/Sources of Data 8 1.7 Scope and Plan of the Study 9 CHAPTER TWO: THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK AND LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Theoretical Framework 13 2.2 Literature Review 27 2.3 Geographical Setting 39 2.4 Genesis of Olabisi Onabanjo University 39 2.5 University Structure 41 2.6 Academic Programme 44 2.7 Students Enrolment 46 2.8 Infrastructure Network 47 CHAPTER THREE: METHODOLOGY OF THE STUDY 3.1 Introduction 52 3.2 Restatement of Research Hypothesis 52 3.3 Method of Data Collection 52 3.4 Population of the Study 53 3.5 Questionnaire Administration 53 3.6 Sample and Sampling Techniques 54 3.7 Statistical Technique of Analysis 55 3.8 Validation of Research Instruments 55 3.9 Limitation of the Study 55 CHAPTER FOUR: DATA ANALYSIS AND PRESENTATION OF RESULT 4.0 Introduction 56 4.1 Presentation of Data/Analysis of Data 57 CHAPTER FIVE: SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, RECOMMENDATIONS, CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION FOR FUTURE RESEARCH 5.1 Summary of Findings 72 5.2 Recommendations 74 5.3 Conclusion 76 5.4 Suggestions for future research 78 BIBLIOGRAPHY 79 FREQUENCY TABLE 83 QUESTIONNAIRE 92 ABSTRACT The alarming rate of transport in Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago – Iwoye in Ogun State is the driving force behind this research work. The transportation problems encountered in the student keep increasing every session as the student’s enrolment in the university experience a growth. Therefore the need for urgent solution to these problems can never be over emphasized. The research focus two campuses of the university multi – campus structure namely, the mini campus and main campus (permanent site) both in Ago Iwoye and primary data were used with the collection of questionnaire administered to the structure and oral interview conducted to commercial transport operators and the University Transport Service. With these, information were gathered on students place of residence, students most frequent mode of transportation, students cost of transportation and the operation pattern of available transport system in the university community. The analysis of data collected revealed series of transportation problem encountered by the students prominent among which are bad road condition, high cost of transportation, scarcity of vehicle opinion were sought among the students as solution to these transportation problem and finally, in view of the finding of this work full autonomy private transport outfit to ply the campus route were recommended to solve the almost intractable crisis of transportation among the students. This is necessary as efficient transport system is the bedrock of any society including the university community. CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY Transportation is a matter of passionate public concern. Personal mobility has become a highly valued goal; our economic prosperity has become increasingly dependent on the movement of goods over long and short distances and changes in people’s attitude and technology are rapid, violent and unpredictable. The importance of transport in the normal life of a nation lies basically in the fact that mobility and accessibility are essential to the achievement of every other aspect of economic, social and political growth. It is an established fact that transport is the life blood of a nation as it is a means to an end and not an end in itself, hence crucial to man’s survival. Oyesiku (2002) says, “Transportation is an indispensable factor of human existence, development and civilization. Man, nations, region and the world will be severely limited in their development without an environment that is congenial through an effective and efficient transportation.” Transport by definition involves the totality of all the processes that is concerned with the conveyance of people, goods, service, information and factors from one geographical location to the other at a particular period of time in order to satisfy a specific demand(or need) of man. Transport entails all forms of transfer and movement of people, goods, service and exchange of ideas. Transport is usually term the engine of growth or sometime refers to as the pillar of development particularly in the developing economy. In economic language, the demand for transport is a derived demand. This is because transport as such does not produce a tangible product, but it is meant to satisfy a particular demand indirectly. Transport is often regarded as a factor of production since it is essential in the production of goods and services. The demand by man for transport can be for the following purposes; to serve as a means of livelihood, to engage in commercial activities (marketing), to seek medical aid, to interact politically, to engage in tourism, for military purposes and for educational purposes. The last purpose is the concern of this research work, that is, to examine transportation as it affects the performance of Olabisi Onabanjo University students. Olabisi Onabanjo University being a multi campus university depends majorly on transportation in carrying out its daily activities. The students may not be able to interact well if the means of transportation is absent. The students would not be able to move from one campus to another. Transport has a strong influence on punctuality and regularity of students for lectures in various campuses as it very impossible for the students to say those living Ijebu-Igbo to walk or trek to the permanent site in Ago-Iwoye. Students may not perform well academically if most of their times are spent at the bus stop waiting for vehicle to transport them. This set of students stand the chance of missing lectures, test or even not being able to submit their assignments and that go a long way in affecting their productivity in terms of their Grade point Average (GPA). Olabisi Onabanjo University being a state owned university and having a non-residential status and a multi-campus system cannot do without transportation. This research work will study the problem confronted by students in getting to their individual campus in the morning and the one they face when coming back to their destination. The work will also give opportunity to many people including proprietor, the management, students the users of the university facilities, to see the magnitude and complexity of the issues and problem associated with transportation as it affect the students performance especially academically- the research work will also provide useful solutions as well as proffer suggestions to the various transportation problems. 1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM In an institution like this where the school authority do not make preparation for residential hostels for student in the school vicinity, and also for a multi campus institution like this, then proper transportation means should be the first and major facility that is meant to be put in place, and study seeks to investigate with proper fact how the deficient and lame transportation means as reduced the academic performance of student in Olabisi Onabanjo University. The convincing issue is that, since inception of the institution as it progress in the admission of student, the number of student grew to an extent that student would have to wait and struggle to get transportation for and after their various lecture at different days of the week. It continued consistently to the extent that some will have to trek back home because of the alarming issue, and still the population keeps growing. The school authority started the transport unit of the university to alleviate the problem, but the buses were not enough and those available were not properly managed, which led to the total collapse of the unit. In this situation, the student had to solely depend on the commercial drivers who have taken opportunity of the situation to extort the student. The study also will like to analyse the percentage of student allowance that is spend on transportation. In the light of this country’s persistent increase in the prices of petroleum product which has also posed a great problem to transportation sector of the whole economy of the country. Olabisi Onabanjo University commercial transporters are not left out since the hike in transportation cost is also a consistence and persistence thing in this area. The hike in transport cost has always been questioned by the Student’s Union Governments (SUG) at different time and appropriate adjustment has been made, but the fact still remain that so many student suffered to get the transport fare, yet the means is not enough which bring about pain and poor academics performance. Confidently, the study will strategically show with the use of questionnaire to the student of Olabisi Onabanjo University how the problem of transportation has aided the poor performance and has led to bad outcome of the higher percentage of graduate of the institution. As a result of the above, it becomes imperative to look into the following issues i. The impacts of transportation problem on each student academic performance ii. The extent of allowance of each student’s that is accrued to transportation. iii. To evaluate the time that each student spent at their various bus stops before leaving for their lectures everyday. 1.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY The objective of this study will be divided into general and specific. The general objective is to examine the impact of transportation problems on student’s performance in Olabisi Onabanjo University. The specific objectives are: 1. To examine the distribution pattern of students among the host communities. 2. To analyze the available transportation facilities for students between the host communities and the University campuses. 3. To investigate the transportation problem encountered by commuting students from their residences and the campuses and their effects on students performance. 4. To evaluate the operational pattern and constraints of the available transportation facilities. 1.4 RESEARCH QUESTION AND HYPOTHESIS · To what extent is transportation problem posing hindrances to effective and efficient learning in Olabisi Onabanjo University? · Why is transportation problem having a negative effect on students’ attendance at lecture? · How does transportation problem affect students’ overall academic performance? · What sizeable percentage of students’ allowances is spent on transportation? The above questions give way for examining the effects of transportation problems on student’s performance in Olabisi Onabanjo University. In the course of this study, two hypotheses was validated from the outcome of the study, this include: H0: There is no significant effect between the transportation problem and students’ academic performances. H02: Transport mode has no significant effect on students’ overall performance 1.5 JUSTIFICATION OF THE STUDY This study is relevant now that there is an incessant conflict between the student government and transporters because the cost of maintenance, which makes the business unattractive and drastically reduced the number of vehicles plying the university, there is an increasing demand in transportation by the students. It is designed to proffer solution relating to transportation problem encountered by students of Olabisi Onabanjo University and their performances. The study is also subject on the fact that it will show the complexity and magnitude of issues and problems of transportation as it affect student’s performance in a non residential multi campus University like Olabisi Onabanjo University. The study is meant to review like never before, that the university authority ought to give rise to the transportation means so as to aid the student in their various academic performance owing to the fact that it is the background of all student, as it is often called “first degree”, therefore if not properly lend and retained, it will automatically affect the next stage of the student that desire progressing in a future time. The study also is meant to serve as an eye opener for the university that this transportation problem reduces the efficiency and effectiveness of the student of Olabisi Onabanjo University even in various campuses of the institution and that attention must be given to that unit to relive the student rather than to let this issue get worse. 1.6 METHODOLOGY/ SOURCES OF DATA 1.6.1 SOURCE OF DATA Statistical tool is employed in this research work and it consists of both primary and secondary data. The primary data will be sourced through the use of questionnaire, oral interviews and personal observation and this is carried out both within and around the different campuses. The secondary data include the use of published text books, published journals, dissertations and any records made available by the University Authorities, since the University is the study area. 1.6.2 SAMPLING TECHNIQUES The random sampling technique will be employed in this work. This is to give fair and equal chance to the members of the population. 1.6.3 TECHNIQUES OF ANALYSIS The technique of analysis is the administration of questionnaire, which is represented in frequency tabulation and percentages. Cartographic representation in form of simple bar chart is also employed. Also photographs are taken to give visual representation as well as use of maps to show charity of facts. In testing for the hypothesis, correlation co-efficient technique and its test of significance will be used for this research analysis. Ho: which represent null hypothesis and show no significance while H1: the alternative hypothesis will show significance. 1.7 SCOPE AND PLAN OF THE STUDY For the purpose of this study, the research work focuses on three campuses in Ijebu-North Local Government. These campuses are: Main campus (permanent site) at the outskirt of Ago-Iwoye, Mini campus along Obafemi Awolowo way, Ago-Iwoye and Ijebu-Igbo Annex at the premises of Abusi Edumare Comprehensive High School. This research work also considered the different solution that has been proffered to transportation by the past research.Since the world in itself is dynamic, this research work seek to consider the dynamism of transportation system which might have made the past research work to have little or no impact in ameliorating transportation problems as it affect students performance of Olabisi Onabanjo University. Dynamic solutions which are able to cope with changing nature and operation of University transport system are also proffer. This study is divided into five chapters. Chapter One: This deals with the introduction to the study, rationale behind the study, the objectives, problem identification and hypothesis formulation which serve as the assumptions of the study. Chapter Two: This deals with conceptual framework and a critical review of literatures on transportation. Among the conceptual framework will be: System concept: the route way, the vehicle, terminal facilities, spatial interaction, theory, concept of eternal triangle of public sector, concept of journey time and lastly the review of literatures. Chapter three (Methodology): This deals with the study area which will include its geographical setting, Genesis of Olabisi Onabanjo University, physical layout, University Structure, Academic Programme, Student’s enrolment, Transportation service, Infrastructure, Historical background of the University Transport service and its mode of operation. Chapter four: This focuses on the model of analysis as well as analysis of the result and possible interpretations to confirm their conformity to statistical test. Chapter five: This focuses on the summary of the findings in a bid to proffer suggestions and recommendation for further studies. DEFINATION OF TERMS EFFECT; anything brought about by a CAUSE or AGENT; RESULT. TRANSPORTATION; the act, process, or means of carrying some (thing/one), conveyance. The work or business of conveying. PROBLEM; a question, MATTER, SITUATION, or person that is perplexing or difficult. STUDENT; a person who is enrolled for study at a school, college, etc. PERFORMANCE; an act of execution, accomplishment, fulfillment, etc.
Keywords: THE EFFECT OF TRANSPORTATION PROBLEM ON STUDENTS’ PERFORMANCE
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